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| Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth, and Happiness | 
 enlarge | Authors: Richard H. Thaler, Cass R. Sunstein
Publisher: Yale University Press
Category: Book
List Price: $26.00
Buy New: $16.23
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Avg. Customer Rating:  44 reviews
Sales Rank: 414
Media: Hardcover
Number Of Items: 1
Pages: 304
Shipping Weight (lbs): 1
Dimensions (in): 9.3 x 6 x 1.2
ISBN: 0300122233
Dewey Decimal Number: 330.019
EAN: 9780300122237
ASIN: 0300122233
Publication Date: April 8, 2008
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| Customer Reviews:
 Nudged to read Nudge April 15, 2008
12 out of 14 found this review helpful
One of my two favorite financial journalists suggested I read this book. So I went in with very high expectations. This book more than delivered.
Like anyone of my age (50), I learned that economics was about supply and demand, and the rational choices we humans make to maximize our utility. I'm not sure why I was ever that dumb to believe it, but at least I can now see that I'm using hindsight bias.
Nudge starts with behavioral economics and one of its authors, Richard Thaler, is essentially its founder. It shows our biases and how we react in ways that do anything but maximize our wealth. I've studied this subject for some time and most books merely repeat our biases. With Nudge, however, I started learning practical things I can use with the first page of chapter one.
Nudge dares to examine things I've taken for granted for all of my life. Is a complete freedom of choice actually likely to hurt me? Should marriage be licensed by the government or other parties? Could I really be buying a lottery ticket when I buy health insurance?
Nudge goes beyond suggesting how we can make better choices to improve our health, wealth, and happiness. It examines the role of public policy in helping us help ourselves.
Not only did Nudge convey important lessons, it did so in a fascinating and entertaining way. I had a hard time putting the book down. Nudge is a brilliant book.
Something new under the sun... May 27, 2008
12 out of 13 found this review helpful
Thaler and Sunstein pulled off something fairly rare and valuable in this book; they offered up a social/political idea that isn't currently being offered up by either the Republicans or the Democrats, but is still politically viable for either party. That's a good thing, because it can be easy to forget that the Democrats and Republicans aren't the only sources of political, social and economic ideas out there.
The authors label themselves as Libertarian Paternalists, two terms that would not normally go together. Libertarians tend to want very small government with a high degree of freedom for citizens, while paternalists tend to think the government should show citizens the right way to do things even at the expense of their freedoms.
Thaler and Sunstein marry the two ideas, saying that governments should not limit peoples' options, but should offer guidance in certain decision-making scenarios. Those decisions would be the ones that are complex for lay-people to make (like prescription drug plan options) or have many options (like choosing a manager for your retirement investments). While the authors do not want to reduce the number of options available or make the decision for anyone (libertarian), they do want to provide well-researched default options and/or forms of encouragement they call nudges to get people headed in a sensible direction (paternalism).
They give a small-stakes example of arranging the food choices in a school cafeteria so that the healthiest options are positioned at eye level at the beginning of the line so they are chosen more frequently (this apparently does really work). They don't want to take away the less healthy options, but neither do they heed the call to stay completely uninvolved. It's a hard philosophy to fault from either side of the political aisle and seems promising for implementation on a number of troubling political fronts we face right now.
Highly recommended for people who like new ideas and are curious to hear about something that isn't being talked up by either of our two major political parties right now.
 False advertising July 5, 2008
9 out of 16 found this review helpful
Thaler and Sunstein's Nudge is best read as a list of examples of and general principles for developing choice architecture in order to improve outcomes. It can provide an understanding of the pros can cons of opt-out, opt-in, forced choices, random selection, and default preferences.
This book was sold to me as something more than that, and the authors continuously repeat their "libertarian paternalism" catch phrase. Simply put, there's very little that could be called libertarian about this book. School choice is a possible exception, but kids always complicate patterns.
To quote the video of the authors on the book's amazon page, "this book is not so much about whether we should have big or small government." The primary failing is that while government programs may be improved through choice architecture, there will always be force involved to the extent that government is making decisions. Reducing the size of the government budget is by default a way to increase liberty, and their refusal to acknowledge that makes their "libertarian paternalism" mantra ring hollow.
The most interesting fact I learned from this book is that the social security website has operating hours.
This book is a great challenge May 6, 2008
8 out of 9 found this review helpful
If I can read this book and am not internally conflicted at times, that should scare you (as it may indicate that I think my preferences are always best); however, the book's premise is so valid that the concept must be not only fleshed out in detail, but it must be implemented in some fashion (as the book points out, it cannot not be implemented). The good news is that I was internally conflicted (over which option towards which one should nudge another) and I think most readers will be as well.
The opening story of the school cafeteria sets the stage well and makes the premise clear: people make choices and the way we structure those choices influences the choices they make whether we intend to influence them or not. In light of this, why not choose to influence people to make good choices?
The difficulty is in determining what the good choices are. The book argues that the good choices are those that the people would make for themselves if they had all the best information. However, one still has to ask how one can trust the government to provide all the best information and to even use that with integrity to help people make good choices. It is a difficult dilemma - particularly in modern America where there is such distrust for government.
At the same time, I would certainly rather the school cook place the healthy foods where my child is most likely to choose them than to place the unhealthy foods there. That is a pretty clear decision; however, how does one decide on issues like health insurance and savings. The book suggests that we should make individuals "work" to opt-out of insurance or savings rather than to "work" to opt-in. The point is that people are more likely to have health insurance if the default, with a new job, is that it is taken out of their pay. Additionally, people are more likely to invest in a 401k if the default is that it is taken out of their pay and, unless they make a decision to do otherwise (presumably at the time of hire), it will continue to be.
This seems like a good practice until you realize that the company is defaulting to taking money from the employee and using it for the "employee's good". I can certainly see a time period of struggle where employees may be suing their employers for taking their money without their "explicit permission". That is that since it was a default and not a granting of permission it could be problematic. I supposed time and courts will tell.
This is a tremendous book that brings an important topic to the forefront. Do we need to consciously help people make "better" decisions or can we allow them to make "mistakes" and learn or not learn from those? It does seem to have implications on free will, but at the same time so does doing nothing. This, I'm sure, will become an excellent debate in the coming decades.
 Actually, our economic system thrives on poor choices by consumers July 20, 2008
8 out of 11 found this review helpful
According to the authors, man is not the hard, cold rationalist, or economic man, who is often described in free market postulations, but is instead quite fallible, even the highly-educated. The thinking and perceptions of man are constantly being waylaid by subtle influences which result in bad choices. The authors propose "libertarian paternalism," a catchall term for the subtle persuasion of people to make decisions that are helpful to them. However, if one examines our economic system, the authors' fears that their paternalism is freedom stifling pale next to the realities of consumer manipulation by large economic entities.
The first section of the book describing the various influences on erroneous thinking are fairly basic, much of it demonstrated in psychological experimentation. Unfortunately, life is a good bit more complicated than merely making so-called correct decisions about trivial or contrived matters. There are many areas in our lives where powerful institutions have created a situation where there are no good choices for most of us.
Take retirement savings, 401k plans, and investment decisions. Workers did not choose for corporations to abandon defined benefit plans and put the onus on workers to save for retirement. Many workers don't contribute to 401k plans because they have insufficient income - not that they cannot make a decision, a fundamental fact not mentioned by the authors. It is simply disingenuous to criticize workers for the performance of mutual funds in today's stock markets, for their investment "choices." Stock markets have been captured by financial elites who use others' investments as money to play with. The ordinary 401k contributor absolutely does not have the tools or the means to manage their investments on a minute-by-minute basis aided by sophisticated computer software.
The idea that parents don't correctly choose a good school for their children is absurd. Let's say in a school district of 100,000 students that there are five good schools with total enrollment of 10,000. Of course, all parents want their children to go to those five schools, or could easily be so persuaded - an obvious impossibility. This is a problem of poor schools, not a failure of parents to choose. Or take the new Part D of Medicare, the Prescription Drug Plan - this plan was designed by insurance companies to be completely incomprehensible with all kinds of loopholes where benefits do not have to be paid. Do the authors really want to use this as an example of choice failure? This is a scam that has been perpetrated on the American public.
On the surface, there can hardly be anything wrong with the idea of improving choices; who advocates making poor choices. However, let's consider our environment. We live in a capitalistic economy - profits are virtually all that matter. Giving good information to people is not a priority; in fact, it could be argued that giving disinformation is, especially if it positively affects the bottom line. What is advertising? It is disingenuous to write a book about poor choices without situating those choices. There are many powerful players who are successful because they count on poor choices and ensure that those choices continue. That is the book that needs to be written.
If and when we ever empower the citizens of this nation to control the nature of our institutions, then criticize the result and the choices. Now the choices we have are not really choices.
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